Because the land around Dixmont, Maine was first owned by Bowdoin College, it was originally called Collegetown. At the time of its incorporation, Dixmont was named after Dr. Elijah Dix, a prominent landowner who never actually lived in the area. Local economy was shaped by farming and many different operating mills. Two town buildings, the Louis I. Bussey School and the Dixmont Corner Church, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Famous Dixmont natives include; former Mayor of Bangor, Charles Bragg; former Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court, John Appleton; and former Maine Representative Samuel Butman.