Charleston, Maine is located in the southeastern region of Penobscot County and was first settled by Charles Vaughan in 1795. Because Maine was still technically a part of the state of Massachusetts at the time of incorporation, Charleston was originally named New Charleston so as to not be confused with the already existing Charleston, MA.
Charleston was once the home of the now closed Charleston Air Force Station, commonly known as Bull Hill. Today, Bull Hill is a correctional facility. Charleston is also the site of the Higgins Classical Institute, a Christian day school operated by the Faith School of Theology.